An Introduction to Dressage

[♘امیرحسین♞]

Getting Started in Dressage
What is a Dressage?
Many people have seen Olympic or Grand Prix level dressage on television. The horses seem to do intricate maneuvers as the rider sits almost motionless. But, dressage isn't just fancy moves with hard to pronounce names! Every time we train our horses to carry us with more ease, and respond to subtle aids, we are training them in basic dressage. Dressage is teaching a horse to be supple, balanced and responsive.

A kur is a dressage test ridden to music. You are given a set of required elements and create your own test to instrumental music you choose. Some tests can be ridden in pairs or teams.
What Is the Goal?
The goal of dressage training is to develop a horse's flexibility, responsiveness to aids and balance.
This makes the horse stronger and more pleasurable to ride. If you compete you will always be competing against yourself, as well as others taking the test. The goal in competition is to always improve on your own score.
Equipment You'll Need

* Any sound horse or pony of any breed can be ridden at the lower levels.
* An English snaffle bit.
* An English saddle.
* Braiding equipment for your horse's mane.
* Gloves, shirt, jacket, breeches, boots and approved helmet.
What to Expect
When riding a test you will be evaluated by up to three judges. The judges will give you a score on every element of the test as you ride. They will look for obedience, suppleness, accuracy, attitude and how well you ride.

The dressage ring is marked at its perimeter with letters. Before you enter the ring you will hear a bell or whistle. This lets you know you have a certain time to enter the ring before you are penalized. You will enter and salute the judge. After halting and saluting the judge you will ride in straight lines and circles as described by your test using the letters as your guide.

You will ride at different gaits, and variations within the gaits. For the basic levels you don't need to have the test memorized. Someone may call out the test from the sidelines. You may also choose to sit or post the trot. When you have completed your test you will halt, salute the judge and leave the ring. At the end of the competition you will receive your score card, with a final score.
Preparing Your Horse
Work on improving your horse's or pony's flexibility and responsiveness. It's important to train slowly. Forcing a horse into 'frame' could cause sore muscles and a reluctant horse. Your horse might learn to carry his front end properly, without learning to drive with his hind-end. This can cause soreness and a reluctant attitude. Help your horse learn his lessons completely and allow his muscles time to adjust to moving in a different way than he may be used to.

Practice each element of the test without riding the entire test repeatedly. The judge is looking for willingness and obedience to your cues, not how well your horse can memorize! Practice so that your collected, working and extended gaits are distinct, and the halts, square.

If you only spend time dressage training your horse will soon feel you are going to spend every minute ordering him around. Spend some time trail riding so he has a chance to stretch, use all of his muscles and develop cardiovascular fitness. Allow time for relaxation and fun.

For the test you will want your horse spotlessly groomed, his mane braided and tack cleaned.
Preparing Yourself
Dressage training is hard work, dress in comfortable layers according to the weather. It will be easier for you if you have the placement of the letters memorized before riding a test. You can easily make arena letters out of up-turned detergent buckets, pylons, or scrap wood that can be painted or written on with waterproof marker.

If you don't already work with a coach, finding one that has dressage experience will make it easier than trying to work alone. As you train your horse you'll be learning how to cue more accurately using your seat, hands and legs. You will also need to concentrate so that you can ride each movement with intention and precision. Plan what you will work on each time you ride and learn to focus on one element at a time.

For the test you will wear your English riding habit. Women will wear their hair in a net or bun.
At The End of The Day
Basic dressage training is valuable whether you plan to compete in the sport, or in any other discipline. Jumpers, trail horses, pleasure horses and English and Western show horses can benefit from dressage training. Your horse will become more athletic and obedient and you will become a better rider.

If you compete you'll quickly find that the greater challenge is trying to improve your score, not just bringing home a rosette. With every element receiving a mark out of 10, you will be able to see what aspects you need to practice before you ride the next test. You will be able to progress through the levels at your own pace. Kurs allow you some creativity and a change from standard tests.​

 

[DADAR]

Dressage is one of the oldest forms of Classical Riding in the world. The foundation for Dressage began in Vienna, Austria at the military installation known as the Spanish Riding School. Being a military installation the school was closed to the public and for years only a privileged few such as presidents, heads of state, kings, queens, and dignitaries were allowed to view the performances of these magnificent animals.

At one time The Riding School housed large numbers of stallions in the past now there are less than 30. During the past and yet today the mares are used for breeding while only the stallions perform. The school uses one breed of horse only, The Lipizzan. The Lipizzan is born black and turns white as it matures. For years the Lipizzan has been under the protection of the Austrian government. A protected breed, the Lipizzan's of the Spanish Riding School were not allowed to leave Austria or even breed to mares out side of the School. The only Lipizzan's allowed out of the country were those found unsuitable for the Dressage Program. Now the school sells stallions ( although not many) and the Piber stud in Austria has a list of colts, stallions, mares and fillies for sale on a regular basis.

Often as many as 70 - 75 mares came be found in resident at the stud with foals. Usually the older horses are sold or are chosen for the school.

During World War II the Lipizzan and the Spanish Riding School were in danger of being eliminated. The mares and stallions had been separated and Austria was on the verge of invasion. The head of the Riding School needed help! He turned to a long time admirer of the Lipizzan, U.S. General George Patton. Thanks to the efforts of U.S. soldiers and General Patton the magnificent white horses were saved from extinction as the Army brought the mares out of occupied territory. The story of this daring undertaking was portrayed in a movie, "The Miracle of the White Stallions."

Unlike times past, today the Lipizzans can be found all over the world. They are bred and sold everywhere! The United States has several Lipizzan farms. The Spanish Riding School is now open to the public and branch groups of riders and Lipizzans tour the world entertaining people from all walks of life. Some traditions have not changed over the years. It has always been and still is the policy of the Spanish Riding School to keep one black horse on the premises. They consider it to be good luck. Dressage has had a real face lift throughout the years.

What about Dressage in the 90's? Dressage is a difficult, technical, and very disciplined form of riding, an Art! It takes years to develop a horse to the highest level of Dressage, Grand Prix. Unlike in the past, Dressage is an open sport today. Professional and amateur riders alike on all breeds of horses are competing side by side. The modern Dressage show circuit is very structured. There are numerous levels of Dressage, Intro Level - FEI Grand Prix (See "The Tests".)

Each level has it's own set of tests, one to four tests per level, with required movements and patterns the rider/horse combination must perform. These movements are scored by a judge on a scale of 1 to 10, ten being the highest. There are marks given for each of the movements of the test. Then there are what they call collective marks at the bottom of the test. These marks are:
Gaits - freedom, regularity of movement.

Impulsion - desire to move forward, relaxation.

Submission, attention, willingness to accept bit.

Riders position and seat, correctness and effectiveness of aids. Certain movements receive double points.

All this is tallied and is divided by the total number of possible points to arrive at a percentage score for the ride, the highest percentage being the winner. Each test within a level and each level gets progressively more difficult. The level system is for the purpose of allowing the horse time to develop the right muscles to continue on to harder and more strenuous movements. If you were to rush a horse to fast through the levels you could easily cause his legs and back to break down.

The level system was developed by committees of the AHSA - American Horse Show Association and the USDF - United States Dressage Federation. Dressage training is helpful for any breed of horse regardless of the discipline he/she is in. The objective of Dressage is to obtain harmony between horse and rider. The horse should be relaxed and should use his back by pushing off with his back feet instead of pulling himself forward with his front feet. He should be "on the bit" which means chewing, frothing, and not leaning on the reins. He should over track meaning that his back foot should step beyond the foot print left by the front foot. His face should be vertical.

A great team (horse/rider combination) should appear to function as one unit, performing the movements effortlessly. It should appear as though the rider is just sitting there and the horse is executing the movements all on his own! This is a very simple explanation of the Dressage objective but gives you a general idea of the goals involved. Any horse who achieves these objectives will be easier to handle and more relaxed and as a result will perform better no matter what discipline he is in.

Below are some of the movements used in Dressage. The movements are what makes Dressage unique and accounts for the quickly growing interest in the sport.
The Half Pass - Moving sideways in the trot or canter.

The Shoulder In - A slanted lateral movement with the shoulder leading.

The Passage - A very SLOW trot - It looks like each step is held for a second in the air.

The Flying Lead Change - A canter movement. When done every stride it looks like the horse is skipping.

The Piaffe - Trotting in place.

The Pirouette - A 360 degree turn in the canter.

The Extended Trot - A powerful floating trot that looks like the horse is suspended in mid-air.

Dressage has for years and will continue to delight and fascinate audiences around the world with it's grace and beauty. One of the fastest growing and most popular fields in this arena is Dressage is the Musical Freestyle competition. Tests set to music, Dancing with your Horse!​

 

[oliveira]

Dressage is one of the oldest forms of Classical Riding in the world. The foundation for Dressage began in Vienna, Austria at the military installation known as the Spanish Riding School. Being a military installation the school was closed to the public and for years only a privileged few such as presidents, heads of state, kings, queens, and dignitaries were allowed to view the performances of these magnificent animals.​

At one time The Riding School housed large numbers of stallions in the past now there are less than 30. During the past and yet today the mares are used for breeding while only the stallions perform. The school uses one breed of horse only, The Lipizzan. The Lipizzan is born black and turns white as it matures. For years the Lipizzan has been under the protection of the Austrian government. A protected breed, the Lipizzan's of the Spanish Riding School were not allowed to leave Austria or even breed to mares out side of the School. The only Lipizzan's allowed out of the country were those found unsuitable for the Dressage Program. Now the school sells stallions ( although not many) and the Piber stud in Austria has a list of colts, stallions, mares and fillies for sale on a regular basis.​

Often as many as 70 - 75 mares came be found in resident at the stud with foals. Usually the older horses are sold or are chosen for the school.​

During World War II the Lipizzan and the Spanish Riding School were in danger of being eliminated. The mares and stallions had been separated and Austria was on the verge of invasion. The head of the Riding School needed help! He turned to a long time admirer of the Lipizzan, U.S. General George Patton. Thanks to the efforts of U.S. soldiers and General Patton the magnificent white horses were saved from extinction as the Army brought the mares out of occupied territory. The story of this daring undertaking was portrayed in a movie, "The Miracle of the White Stallions."​

Unlike times past, today the Lipizzans can be found all over the world. They are bred and sold everywhere! The United States has several Lipizzan farms. The Spanish Riding School is now open to the public and branch groups of riders and Lipizzans tour the world entertaining people from all walks of life. Some traditions have not changed over the years. It has always been and still is the policy of the Spanish Riding School to keep one black horse on the premises. They consider it to be good luck. Dressage has had a real face lift throughout the years.​

!

درساژ یکی از قدیمی ترین شکلهای سواری کلاسیک دردنیاست ریشه درساژ از vienaاست.
کشور اتریش در بخش نظامی دارای مدرسه سواری باسبک اسپانیایی است در آغازاین مدرسه سواری برای عموم ممنوع بودوسالهافقط پادشاهان,ملکه ها, سران واشخاص برجسته مجاز به تماشای این حیوانات با شکوه بودند.
اولین بار مدرسه سواری تعداد زیادی سیلمی را انتخاب کرد که امروزه تعداد آنها به کمتر از 30راس میرسد مادیانها برای تولید مثل ونریانها برای اجرای نمایش استفاده می شدند مدرسه تنها از یک نژاد Lipizzan نگهداری مینماید.
Lipizzanبه رنگ سیاه به دنیا می آید و به نیله تغییررنگ می دهد.
برای سالهااین نژادتحت حمایت دولت اتریش بود وهرگز اجازه خروج از این کشور را نداشته وحتی مادیانهای این نژاد مجاز به خروج از مدرسه سواری نبوده وتنها اسبهایی از این نژاد که قابلیت درساژ نداشتنداز کشور خارج می شدندامروزه نریانهای این نژاد فروخته می شوند(البته به تعداد محدود)ومرکز تربیت Piberدر اتریش لیست کاملی ازکره ها ونریانهاوسیلمی های این نژاد رابرای فروش قانونی داراست.
معمولا"بیش از 75-70 راس مادیان وکره در این مرکز برای فروش نگهداری می شوند که اسبهای پیر برای استفاده های آموزشی سواری به فروش می رسند.
در جنگ جهانی دوم مدرسه سواری اسپانیا ونژادهای Lipizzan در خطرانقراض قرار گرفت نریانها ومادیانهااز هم جدا شده وکشور اتریش در معرض تاخت وتاز قرار گرفت
مدیر مدرسه سواری نیاز به کمک داشت اوبه در خواست ژنرال Patton (نجات دهنده نژاد Lipizzaan) که باکمک سربازان آمریکایی این اسبهای با شکوه نیله را از سرزمین اشغالی نجات دادند پاسخ داد.
داستان این رشادت در فیلم "معجزه اسبهای سیاه" آمده است.ٰThe Miracle of the White Stallion
برخلاف روزگاران قدیم ,امروزه این نژادزیبا درتمام دنیا یافت می شود آنها تولیدوفروخته می شوند آمریکاچندین مزرعه پرورش Lipizzan دارد.
و امروزه مدرسه سواری اسپانیابرروی تمام تورهای تفریحی وسواری باز است .
تعدادی از سنتی ها بعد از سالها گذر هنوز تغییری نکرده اند ونگهداری از یک اسب سیاه را نشانه خوشبختی می دانند.ودر ساژ صورتی واقعی در طی این سالها داشته است.



YouTube - Majestic White Horses: The Spanish Riding School of Vienna

 

[oliveira]

what about dressage in the 90's? Dressage is a difficult, technical, and very disciplined form of riding, an art! It takes years to develop a horse to the highest level of dressage, grand prix. Unlike in the past, dressage is an open sport today. Professional and amateur riders alike on all breeds of horses are competing side by side. The modern dressage show circuit is very structured. There are numerous levels of dressage, intro level - fei grand prix (see "the tests".)

each level has it's own set of tests, one to four tests per level, with required movements and patterns the rider/horse combination must perform. These movements are scored by a judge on a scale of 1 to 10, ten being the highest. There are marks given for each of the movements of the test. Then there are what they call collective marks at the bottom of the test. These marks are:
Gaits - freedom, regularity of movement.​

impulsion - desire to move forward, relaxation.​

submission, attention, willingness to accept bit.​

riders position and seat, correctness and effectiveness of aids. Certain movements receive double points.​

all this is tallied and is divided by the total number of possible points to arrive at a percentage score for the ride, the highest percentage being the winner. Each test within a level and each level gets progressively more difficult. The level system is for the purpose of allowing the horse time to develop the right muscles to continue on to harder and more strenuous movements. If you were to rush a horse to fast through the levels you could easily cause his legs and back to break down.​

the level system was developed by committees of the ahsa - american horse show association and the usdf - united states dressage federation. Dressage training is helpful for any breed of horse regardless of the discipline he/she is in. The objective of dressage is to obtain harmony between horse and rider. The horse should be relaxed and should use his back by pushing off with his back feet instead of pulling himself forward with his front feet. He should be "on the bit" which means chewing, frothing, and not leaning on the reins. He should over track meaning that his back foot should step beyond the foot print left by the front foot. His face should be vertical.​

a great team (horse/rider combination) should appear to function as one unit, performing the movements effortlessly. It should appear as though the rider is just sitting there and the horse is executing the movements all on his own! This is a very simple explanation of the dressage objective but gives you a general idea of the goals involved. Any horse who achieves these objectives will be easier to handle and more relaxed and as a result will perform better no matter what discipline he is in.​

below are some of the movements used in dressage. The movements are what makes dressage unique and accounts for the quickly growing interest in the sport.
The half pass - moving sideways in the trot or canter.​

the shoulder in - a slanted lateral movement with the shoulder leading.​

the passage - a very slow trot - it looks like each step is held for a second in the air.​

the flying lead change - a canter movement. When done every stride it looks like the horse is skipping.​

the piaffe - trotting in place.​

the pirouette - a 360 degree turn in the canter.​

the extended trot - a powerful floating trot that looks like the horse is suspended in mid-air.​

dressage has for years and will continue to delight and fascinate audiences around the world with it's grace and beauty. One of the fastest growing and most popular fields in this arena is dressage is the musical freestyle competition. Tests set to music, dancing with your horse!​

اما درساژ دهه 90 چیست؟
درساژ یک سواری نظام مند ,تکنیکی وبسیار مشکل؟ ویک هنر است وسالهاطول میکشد که اسبها تحت این روش به مدارج بالای درساژدست یابند وبر خلاف گذشته امروزه درساژ ورزشی آزاد است وآماتورها وحرفه ای ها با اسبهایی از نژادهای مختلف در کنار هم رقابت میکنند .
جریان مسابقات دردرساژ مدرن بسیار نظام مند می باشد سطوح مختلفی در درساژ معرفی میگرددازسطوح مقدماتی تا جایزه بزرگ fei.هر سطح دارای یک تعدادآزمون است از یک تا 4 تست در هر سطح وانجام حرکاتی در هماهنگی اسب وسوار در هرتست به نمایش گذاشته می شوداین حرکات مورد قضاوت قرار میگیرند ,داورانی که از 10-1 امتیازبرای هر حرکت در نظر می گیرند وامتیاز10 در هرحرکت بالاترین امتیاز میباشد.
برای اجرای هرحرکت درآزمونها مشخصاتی تعریف می گردد مانند آنچه که داوران آن رامجموع مشخصات اجرای حرکت مینامند .

گامها:آزادی ونظم در حرکت
تحرک:میل به جرکت رو به جلو
فرمانبرداری,توجه واشتیاق به قبول دهنه
موقعیت ونشست سوار,کجی نشست ,کارایی اثرات وانتقال موثردرنشست دو نقطه

رعایت این نکات در اجرای حرکات ,درصد امتیاز هر سوار را مشخص می کند وبالاترین درصد قهرمان هر مسابقه را مشخص می کند.
هر تست در هرسطح وسطوح مختلف مسابقات به روند پیشرفت مشکلتر می گردد سیستم سطح بندی,امکان توسعه عضلات مناسب اسب را با توجه به پیگیری سطوح وانجام حرکات جدی تر فراهم می سازد
واگر ازاین سطوح ومسیرتوسعه به سرعت عبور کنید به سادگی باعث ایجاد گسیختگی بین حرکات پا وکمراسب می گردید
روش سطح بندی توسط انجمن مسابقات اسب آمریکا(ّahas,)و فدراسیون درساژایالات متحده( usdf) نهاده شد
آموزش درساژ برای هرنژادی وتحت هررشته فعالیتی مفید می باشداز اهداف درساژ ,دستیابی به هماهنگی بین اسب وسوار بوده واسب را دعوت به آرامش واستفاده ازکمرباکمک ازپرتاب پاهای عقب به جلو( به جای پیش رفتن با کمک دست های جلو )ممکن می سازد.
اسب باید برروی دهنه (به معنی آزادی وبازی کردن با دهنه و ترشح بزاق دهان بدون تمایل بر دستجلو ها) باشد و با توسعه گامها ( اثر پاجلوتر ازاثر دستها قرار گیرد)صورتش در خطی عمود (یا کمی جلوتر)نسبت به زمین قرار گیرد.
یک تیم عالی (شامل اسب وسوار) باید یکپارچه ومجری ساده حرکت باشندواینچنین نمایان گردد که سواربر روی اسب نشسته واسب آن حرکات را به انتخاب اجرا می نماید وهر اسبی که به این جایگاه دست می یابد آرامتر وآزادتر به اجرا ونمایش توانایی های خود در هر فعالیتی می پردازد.
در زیرحرکاتی از درساژ به چشم میخورد واین حرکات ورزش درساژ را منحصر به فرد و روشی برای رشد سریعتردر هرنوع فعالیت مورد علاقه در رشته های سواری می سازد.

حرکت شانه به داخل:یک حرکت جانبی مایل با پیش روی شانه ها
پاساژ: یک یورتمه بسیار آهسته وچنین به نظر میرسد که هر گام در هوا مکثی دارد.
تغیر دست در حرکت چهار نعل:یک حرکت درچهار نعل که به نظر می رسد در هربار اجرای حرکت اسب دارای جهش و تعلیق است.
پیافه:یورتمه درجا
.یورتمه کشیده:یک یورتمه سیال قوی که به نظر اسب در میان زمین وآسمان معلق است

ظرافت وزیبایی در درساژ به لطف شیفتگان وعلاقه مندانش ادامه خواهد یافت که همچنین یکی از سریعترین ومحبوبترین زمینه های رشد در این فعالیت شرکت در مسابقات درساژ موزیکال می باشد که اجرای حرکات انتخابی وهماهنگ با موزیک انتخابی به اجرا گذاشته می شود.
موفق باشید.

 

[oliveira]

درساژ یکی از قدیمی ترین شکلهای سواری کلاسیک دردنیاست ریشه درساژ از vienaاست.
کشور اتریش در بخش نظامی دارای مدرسه سواری باسبک اسپانیایی است در آغازاین مدرسه سواری برای عموم ممنوع بودوسالهافقط پادشاهان,ملکه ها, سران واشخاص برجسته مجاز به تماشای این حیوانات با شکوه بودند.
اولین بار مدرسه سواری تعداد زیادی سیلمی را انتخاب کرد که امروزه تعداد آنها به کمتر از 30راس میرسد مادیانها برای تولید مثل ونریانها برای اجرای نمایش استفاده می شدند مدرسه تنها از یک نژاد Lipizzan نگهداری مینماید.
Lipizzanبه رنگ سیاه به دنیا می آید و به نیله تغییررنگ می دهد.
برای سالهااین نژادتحت حمایت دولت اتریش بود وهرگز اجازه خروج از این کشور را نداشته وحتی مادیانهای این نژاد مجاز به خروج از مدرسه سواری نبوده وتنها اسبهایی از این نژاد که قابلیت درساژ نداشتنداز کشور خارج می شدندامروزه نریانهای این نژاد فروخته می شوند(البته به تعداد محدود)ومرکز تربیت Piberدر اتریش لیست کاملی ازکره ها ونریانهاوسیلمی های این نژاد رابرای فروش قانونی داراست.
معمولا"بیش از 75-70 راس مادیان وکره در این مرکز برای فروش نگهداری می شوند که اسبهای پیر برای استفاده های آموزشی سواری به فروش می رسند.
در جنگ جهانی دوم مدرسه سواری اسپانیا ونژادهای Lipizzan در خطرانقراض قرار گرفت نریانها ومادیانهااز هم جدا شده وکشور اتریش در معرض تاخت وتاز قرار گرفت
مدیر مدرسه سواری نیاز به کمک داشت اوبه در خواست ژنرال Patton (نجات دهنده نژاد Lipizzaan) که باکمک سربازان آمریکایی این اسبهای با شکوه نیله را از سرزمین اشغالی نجات دادند پاسخ داد.
داستان این رشادت در فیلم "معجزه اسبهای سیاه" آمده است.ٰThe Miracle of the White Stallion
برخلاف روزگاران قدیم ,امروزه این نژادزیبا درتمام دنیا یافت می شود آنها تولیدوفروخته می شوند آمریکاچندین مزرعه پرورش Lipizzan دارد.
و امروزه مدرسه سواری اسپانیابرروی تمام تورهای تفریحی وسواری باز است .
تعدادی از سنتی ها بعد از سالها گذر هنوز تغییری نکرده اند ونگهداری از یک اسب سیاه را نشانه خوشبختی می دانند.ودر ساژ صورتی واقعی در طی این سالها داشته است.



YouTube - Majestic White Horses: The Spanish Riding School of Vienna

:::The Lipizzaner:::

Breed takes its name from the village where the horses were first bred. Near the Kras village of Lipica, in what is now known as Slovenia, is where one of the earliest stud farms was established. The name Lipizza is Italian for Lipcia thus the name for the breed became Lipizzanes or Lipizzaners.

The Lipizzan breed dates back to the 16th century and was nearly wiped out due to World War II. The story of the breeds survival during World War II by American General George Patten was made into an entertaining family movie and was the subject of several books.


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